Bits of LCS History

In a survey published by Sigaud and Wilson (2007)[337] one can find an overview about important recent trends in what is called LCSs derived from GAs. As one can see from the simplified historical overview below generated from this survey enhanced by some additional information one can see that the field has already some extensions and is freely interacting with other topics like Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Markovian Decision Processes (MDPs). To start with we will have a first short look to the main idea of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and then we will investigate the main types of the Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs).

Short History of Learning Classifier Systems (LCS)
TIME	TYPE	DEF	PEOPLE
1954	...	GA like algorithms	N.A.Barricelli
1957	MDP	Markovian Decision Process	R.E. Bellman
1957ff	...	GA like algorithms	A.Fraser
1957	DP	Dynamic Programming	R.E.Bellman
1960	DP	MDP + DP	R.A.Howard
1960	...	GA like algorithms	H.Bremermann
1971	...	GA like algorithms	I.Rechenberg
1974	...	GA like algorithms	H-P.Schwefel
1975	LCS	Learning Classifier System	John Holland
1975	GA	Genetic Algorithms	J.Holland
1978	CS1	An LCS with RL	Holland and Reitman
1986	BB	BUCKET BRIGADE	J.Holland et al.
1987	RL	Reinforcement Learning	R.J.Williams
1989	QL	Q-Learning	C.J.C.H.Watkins
1990	DYNA	RL model based	Sutton
1991	CFSC2	Anticipation-based LCS	Rio
1993	...	Anticipatory Behavioral Control	Hoffmann
1994	ZCS	Zeroth-level(strength-based) Classifier System	R.J.Wilson
1994	ZCSM	ZCSM with internal registers	Cliff, Ross
1995	XCS	Accuracy-based LCS	R.J.Wilson
1998	ACS	Anticipation-based LCS	Stolzmann
1998	ZCCS	Classifier chaining LCS	Tomlinson and Bull
1998	XCSM(H)	LCS with internal registers	Lanzi
2000	LCSA	LCS on data mining	Booker
2000	CXCS	Classifier chaining LCS	Tomlinson and Bull
2000	XCSR	Real valued LCS	Wilson
2001	XCSF	Function approximation LCS	Wilson
2002	ACS2	Anticipation-based LCS	Butz
2002	YACS	Anticipation-based LCS	Gérard et al.
2003	XACS	Accurate ACS	Butz, Goldberg
2005	MACS	Anticipation-based LCS	Gérard et al.

Later it will be shown how emotional LCS (ECS) are a straightforward and substantial extension of the family of learning classifier systems.